Compressors nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa hafi yinganda zose. Bikunze kwitwa umutima wa sisitemu iyo ari yo yose yo mu kirere cyangwa gaze, iyi mitungo isaba kwitabwaho byumwihariko, cyane cyane amavuta. Kugirango usobanukirwe uruhare rukomeye rwo gusiga rufite muri compressor, ugomba kubanza kumva imikorere yabyo kimwe ningaruka za sisitemu kuri lubricant, amavuta yo guhitamo hamwe nibizamini byo gusesengura amavuta bigomba gukorwa.
Ubwoko bwa Compressor Ubwoko n'imikorere
Ubwoko bwinshi bwa compressor butandukanye burahari, ariko uruhare rwabo rwibanze hafi ya yose. Compressor yashizweho kugirango yongere ingufu za gaze igabanya ubunini bwayo muri rusange. Mu magambo yoroshye, umuntu arashobora gutekereza compressor nka pompe imeze nka gaze. Imikorere irasa cyane, hamwe itandukaniro nyamukuru nuko compressor igabanya ingano kandi igatwara gaze binyuze muri sisitemu, mugihe pompe ikanda gusa kandi ikohereza amazi binyuze muri sisitemu.
Compressor irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri rusange: kwimura ibyiza hamwe ningufu. Rotary, diaphragm hamwe na compressor isubiranamo igwa munsi yibyiza-byimurwa. Ihinduramiterere rya rotary ikora muguhatira imyuka mumwanya muto binyuze mumigozi, lobes cyangwa vane, mugihe compressor ya diaphragm ikora mukugabanya gaze binyuze mukigenda cya membrane. Gusubiranya compressor ikanda gaze ikoresheje piston cyangwa urukurikirane rwa piston itwarwa na crankshaft.
Centrifugal, ivanze-itemba hamwe na compressor ya axial iri murwego rwa dinamike. Centrifugal compressor ikora mukugabanya gaze ukoresheje disiki izunguruka mumazu yashizweho. Kuvanga-gutemba-compressor ikora isa na centrifugal compressor ariko ikagenda itembera aho kuba muburyo bukabije. Axial compressor ikora compression ikoresheje urukurikirane rwindege.
Ingaruka ku mavuta
Mbere yo gutoranya amavuta yo kwisiga, kimwe mubintu by'ibanze ugomba gusuzuma ni ubwoko bw'ingutu amavuta ashobora gukorerwa mugihe ari muri serivisi. Mubisanzwe, amavuta yo kwisiga muri compressor arimo ubushuhe, ubushyuhe bukabije, gaze ihumeka hamwe numwuka, ibice byicyuma, ingufu za gaze, hamwe nubuso bushyushye.
Wibuke ko iyo gaze ihagaritswe, irashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumavuta kandi bikavamo kugabanuka kugaragara kwijimye hamwe no guhumeka, okiside, kubitsa karubone hamwe na kondegene biturutse ku kwegeranya kwinshi.
Umaze kumenya impungenge zingenzi zishobora gutangirwa amavuta, urashobora gukoresha aya makuru kugirango ugabanye guhitamo kwawe gusiga amavuta meza. Ibiranga amavuta akomeye yumukandida yaba arimo okiside nziza, kurwanya anti-kwambara no kwangirika kwangirika, hamwe nibintu byangirika. Ububiko bwibanze bwa sintetike bushobora kandi gukora neza mubushuhe bwagutse.
Guhitamo Amavuta
Kureba ko ufite amavuta akwiye bizaba ingenzi mubuzima bwa compressor. Intambwe yambere nukwerekana ibyifuzo byatanzwe nuwakoze ibikoresho byumwimerere (OEM). Compressor lubricant viscosities hamwe nibice byimbere bisizwe birashobora gutandukana cyane ukurikije ubwoko bwa compressor. Ibyifuzo byabakora birashobora gutanga intangiriro nziza.
Ibikurikira, tekereza gaze irimo kugabanuka, kuko ishobora kugira ingaruka cyane kumavuta. Guhagarika ikirere birashobora gukurura ibibazo hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamavuta. Imyuka ya hydrocarubone ikunda gushonga amavuta, hanyuma nayo igabanya ubukana buhoro buhoro.
Imiti ya inert ya gaze nka karuboni ya dioxyde na ammonia irashobora kubyitwaramo amavuta kandi bikagabanya ubukonje kimwe no gukora amasabune muri sisitemu. Imyuka ikora ya chimique nka ogisijeni, chlorine, dioxyde de sulfure na hydrogen sulfide irashobora kubitsa ibintu byoroshye cyangwa bikangirika cyane mugihe ubuhehere bwinshi buri mumavuta.
Ugomba kandi kuzirikana ibidukikije bikoreshwa na compressor lubricant. Ibi birashobora kubamo ubushyuhe bwibidukikije, ubushyuhe bwimikorere, bikikije ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, yaba compressor iri imbere kandi itwikiriye cyangwa hanze kandi ihura nikirere kibi, ndetse ninganda ikoreramo.
Compressors ikoresha amavuta yo kwisiga ikurikije ibyifuzo bya OEM. Abakora ibikoresho akenshi basaba gukoresha amavuta yanditswemo nkibisabwa na garanti. Muri ibi bihe, urashobora gutegereza kugeza igihe garanti irangiye kugirango uhindure amavuta.
Niba porogaramu yawe ikoresha amabuye y'agaciro ashingiye ku mavuta, guhinduranya sintetike bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro, kuko akenshi bizaba bihenze cyane. Birumvikana, niba raporo zisesengura ryamavuta zerekana impungenge zihariye, amavuta yo kwisiga arashobora kuba amahitamo meza. Ariko rero, menya neza ko udakemura gusa ibimenyetso byikibazo ahubwo ukemura intandaro muri sisitemu.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusiga amavuta bwumvikana cyane muri progaramu ya compressor? Mubisanzwe, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalphaolefins (POAs), zimwe zipfa na polyolester. Ninde muribwo buryo bwo guhitamo bizaterwa namavuta uhinduranya kimwe na progaramu.
Kugaragaza imbaraga za okiside hamwe nubuzima burebure, polyalphaolefine muri rusange ni ugusimbuza amavuta yubumara. Amazi adashonga polyalkylene glycols atanga igisubizo cyiza kugirango afashe compressor isukuye. Esters zimwe zifite no gukemuka neza kurusha PAGs ariko zirashobora guhangana nubushuhe bukabije muri sisitemu.
| Umubare | Parameter | Uburyo busanzwe bwo Kwipimisha | Ibice | Nominal | Icyitonderwa | Birakomeye |
| Isesengura ry'amavuta yo gusesengura | ||||||
| 1 | Viscosity & @ 40 ℃ | ASTM 0445 | cSt | Amavuta mashya | Nominal +5% / - 5% | Nominal +10% / - 10% |
| 2 | Umubare wa Acide | ASTM D664 cyangwa ASTM D974 | mgKOH / g | Amavuta mashya | Ingingo yo guhindukira +0.2 | Ingingo yo guhindukira +1.0 |
| 3 | Ibintu byongeweho: Ba, B, Ca, Mg, Mo, P, Zn | ASTM D518S | ppm | Amavuta mashya | Nominal +/- 10% | Nominal +/- 25% |
| 4 | Oxidation | ASTM E2412 FTIR | Absorbance / 0.1 mm | Amavuta mashya | Imibare ishingiye kandi ikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo gusuzuma | |
| 5 | Nitration | ASTM E2412 FTIR | Absorbance / 0.1 mm | Amavuta mashya | Imibare ba $ ed na u $ ed a $ igikoresho cya scceenintf | |
| 6 | Antioxidant RUL | ASTMD6810 | Ijanisha | Amavuta mashya | Nominal -50% | Nominal -80% |
| Varnish Potential Membrane Patch Colorimetry | ASTM D7843 | Igipimo 1-100 (1 nibyiza) | <20 | 35 | 50 | |
| Isesengura ryamavuta | ||||||
| 7 | Kugaragara | ASTM D4176 | Kugenzura ibintu bifatika kumazi yubusa no guhagarika umutima | |||
| 8 | Urwego rw'ubushuhe | ASTM E2412 FTIR | Ijanisha | Intego | 0.03 | 0.2 |
| Crackle | Yumva hasi kugeza 0,05% kandi ikoreshwa nkigikoresho cyo gusuzuma | |||||
| Ibidasanzwe | Urwego rw'ubushuhe | ASTM 06304 Karl Fischer | ppm | Intego | 300 | 2.000 |
| 9 | Kubara Ibice | ISO 4406: 99 | Kode ya ISO | Intego | Intego +1 urutonde | Intego +3 inomero |
| Ibidasanzwe | Ikizamini | Uburyo bwa nyirubwite | Byakoreshejwe mukugenzura imyanda ukoresheje ibizamini | |||
| 10 | Ibintu byanduye: Si, Ca, Njye, AJ, nibindi | ASTM DS 185 | ppm | <5 * | 6-20 * | > 20 * |
| * Biterwa n'ibihumanya, gusaba n'ibidukikije | ||||||
| Lubricant Wambara Debris Isesengura (Icyitonderwa: gusoma bidasanzwe bigomba gukurikirwa na ferrographe yisesengura) | ||||||
| 11 | Kwambara Ibikoresho bya Debris: Fe, Cu, Cr, Ai, Pb. Ni, Sn | ASTM D518S | ppm | Impuzandengo y'amateka | Nominal + SD | Nominal +2 SD |
| Ibidasanzwe | Ubucucike bukabije | Uburyo bwa nyirubwite | Uburyo bwa nyirubwite | Ikigereranyo cya Hirtoric | Nominal + S0 | Nominal +2 SD |
| Ibidasanzwe | Ironderero rya PQ | PQ90 | Ironderero | Impuzandengo y'amateka | Nominal + SD | Nominal +2 SD |
Urugero rwamavuta yo gusesengura ibipapuro hamwe nimbibi zo gutabaza kuri centrifugal compressor.
Test Ibizamini byo gusesengura amavuta
Ibizamini byinshi birashobora gukorwa kurugero rwamavuta, nibyingenzi rero kunegura muguhitamo ibi bizamini hamwe ninshuro zicyitegererezo. Kwipimisha bigomba kuba bikubiyemo ibyiciro bitatu byibanze byisesengura ryamavuta: ibintu byamazi ya lubricant, kuba hari umwanda muri sisitemu yo gusiga hamwe n imyanda yose yambara.
Ukurikije ubwoko bwa compressor, hashobora kubaho impinduka nke mugice cyibizamini, ariko mubisanzwe birasanzwe kubona viscosity, isesengura ryibanze, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, numero ya acide, ubushobozi bwa varish, ikizamini cyumuvuduko ukabije wikizamini (RPVOT) ) hamwe n'ibizamini bya demulibilité bisabwa kugirango hamenyekane amavuta yo kwisiga.
Ibizamini byanduye kuri compressor birashoboka ko bizaba birimo isura, FTIR hamwe nisesengura ryibanze, mugihe ikizamini gisanzwe uhereye kumyanda yimyanda yaba isesengura ryibanze. Urugero rwamavuta yo gusesengura ibipapuro hamwe nimbibi zo gutabaza kuri centrifugal compressor irerekanwa hejuru.
Kuberako ibizamini bimwe bishobora gusuzuma ibibazo byinshi, bimwe bizagaragara mubyiciro bitandukanye. Kurugero, isesengura ryibanze rishobora gufata igipimo cyo kugabanuka kongewe kumitungo ya fluid, mugihe ibice bigize ibice biva mu isesengura ry’imyanda cyangwa FTIR bishobora kwerekana okiside cyangwa ubushuhe nkibintu byanduye.
Imipaka yo kumenyekanisha akenshi ishyirwaho nkibisanzwe na laboratoire, kandi ibimera byinshi ntibigera bibaza agaciro kabyo. Ugomba gusuzuma no kugenzura ko imipaka isobanuwe kugirango ihuze intego zawe zo kwizerwa. Mugihe utezimbere gahunda yawe, ushobora no gushaka gutekereza guhindura imipaka. Kenshi na kenshi, imipaka yo gutabaza itangira hejuru cyane kandi igahinduka mugihe bitewe nintego nyinshi zogukora isuku, kuyungurura no kurwanya umwanda.
Gusobanukirwa Amavuta yo kwisiga
Kubijyanye no gusiga amavuta, compressor zirasa nkaho zigoye. Nibyiza ko wowe nitsinda ryanyu musobanukirwa imikorere ya compressor, ingaruka za sisitemu kuri lubricant, ayo mavuta agomba gutoranywa nibizamini byo gusesengura amavuta bigomba gukorwa, niko amahirwe yawe yo kubungabunga no kuzamura ubuzima bwibikoresho byawe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-16-2021