Icyo Ugomba Kumenya Ku bijyanye no Gusiga Compressor

Compressors ni igice cyingenzi cya buri ruganda rukora. Izi ngingo zikunze kwitwa umutima w’umwuka cyangwa gazi, zikenera kwitabwaho cyane cyane amavuta yazo. Kugira ngo usobanukirwe uruhare rw’ingenzi amavuta agira muri compressors, ugomba kubanza gusobanukirwa imikorere yazo ndetse n’ingaruka z’ayo mavuta ku mavuta, amavuta ugomba guhitamo n’ibizamini byo gusesengura amavuta bigomba gukorwa.

● Ubwoko n'imikorere ya kompreseri
Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa kompreseri buhari, ariko uruhare rwabwo rw'ibanze hafi ya rwose ni rumwe. Compressors zagenewe kongera umuvuduko wa gazi binyuze mu kugabanya ingano yayo muri rusange. Mu magambo yoroshye, umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko kompreseri ari ipompo isa na gazi. Imikorere yayo ni imwe muri rusange, itandukaniro rikomeye rikaba ari uko kompreseri igabanya ingano kandi ikanyuza gazi muri sisitemu, mu gihe pompe ishyiramo umuvuduko gusa kandi ikajyana amazi muri sisitemu.
Compressors zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri rusange: kwimuka neza n'ihindagurika. Compressors zizunguruka, diaphragm n'izizunguruka ziri mu cyiciro cya positive-displacement. Compressors zizunguruka zikora mu gushyira imyuka mu mwanya muto binyuze mu vis, lobes cyangwa vanes, mu gihe compressors zizunguruka zikora mu gukanda gazi binyuze mu ngendo z'urukiramende. Compressors zizunguruka zikanda gazi binyuze muri piston cyangwa urukurikirane rwa pistons zitwarwa na crankshaft.
Compressor zo mu bwoko bwa centrifugal, mix-flow na axial ziri mu cyiciro cy’ihindagurika. Compressor yo mu bwoko bwa centrifugal ikora ikoresheje gukanda gaze ikoresheje disiki izenguruka mu nzu yakozwe. Compressor yo mu bwoko bwa mix-flow ikora nk'iya compressor yo mu bwoko bwa centrifugal ariko ikora nk'iy'impande aho gukora nk'impande. Compressor zo mu bwoko bwa axial zikora gukanda binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'impande zombi.

● Ingaruka ku mavuta yo kwisiga
Mbere yo guhitamo amavuta yo gukoresha mu gukamura, kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bigomba kuzirikanwa ni ubwoko bw'ubwoko bw'amavuta ashobora gukorerwaho mu gihe arimo gukoreshwa. Ubusanzwe, ibintu bigabanya imbaraga mu gukamura birimo ubushuhe, ubushyuhe bukabije, umwuka n'umwuka byakajijwe, ibice by'icyuma, gushonga kwa gazi, n'ubushyuhe buva mu kirere.
Wibuke ko iyo gazi ishyizwe mu kaga, ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku mavuta kandi igatera kugabanuka kugaragara kwa viscosity hamwe no guhumeka, oxidation, carbon replacement no kwiyongera k'ubushuhe bitewe no kwikubira kw'amazi.
Umaze kumenya ibibazo by'ingenzi bishobora gushyirwa muri iki gikoresho, ushobora gukoresha aya makuru kugira ngo ugabanye amahitamo yawe ku gikoresho cyiza cyo gukamura amavuta. Ibiranga amavuta akomeye yakwiyongera birimo kudahinduka neza mu buryo bwa ogisijeni, inyongeramusaruro zirwanya kwangirika no kwangirika, hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gusenyuka. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya sintetike nabyo bishobora gukora neza mu bushyuhe bwinshi.

● Guhitamo amavuta yo kwisiga
Kumenya neza ko ufite amavuta akwiye bizaba ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwa kompreseri. Intambwe ya mbere ni ukureba inama zatanzwe n'uruganda rw'ibikoresho bya mbere (OEM). Ubunini bw'amavuta ya kompreseri n'ibice by'imbere birimo gusigwa bishobora gutandukana cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kompreseri. Ibyifuzo by'uruganda bishobora gutanga aho gutangirira heza.
Hanyuma, tekereza ku mwuka urimo gukandamizwa, kuko bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mavuta. Gukandamizwa k'umwuka bishobora gutera ibibazo by'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amavuta. Imyuka ya hydrocarbon ikunda gushonga amavuta, bityo ikagabanya buhoro buhoro ubushyuhe.
Imyuka idakora neza nka dioxyde de carbone na ammonia ishobora kugirana isano n'amavuta ikagabanya ubukana bw'amazi ndetse ikanakora amasabune mu mubiri. Imyuka ikora neza nka ogisijeni, klorini, dioxyde de sulfur na hydrogen sulfide ishobora gukora ibintu bito cyangwa ikangiza cyane iyo hari ubushuhe bwinshi mu maraso.
Ugomba kandi kwita ku bidukikije amavuta yo gukamura akoreshwa mu gukamura. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, ubushyuhe bwo gukora, ibintu bihumanya ikirere bikikije, byaba ari imbere cyangwa inyuma kandi bihura n'ikirere kibi, ndetse n'inganda zikoreramo.
Compressor zikunze gukoresha amavuta yo kwisiga ashingiye ku nama ya OEM. Abakora ibikoresho bakunze gusaba ko amavuta yabo yo kwisiga akoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikirango nk'uko bisabwa na garanti. Muri ibi bihe, ushobora gutegereza kugeza igihe garanti irangiye kugira ngo uhindure amavuta yo kwisiga.
Niba ubu ukoresha amavuta akomoka ku mabuye y'agaciro, guhindura amavuta akomoka ku mabuye y'agaciro bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro, kuko akenshi biba bihenze cyane. Birumvikana ko niba raporo zawe z'isesengura ry'amavuta zigaragaza impungenge runaka, amavuta akomoka ku mabuye y'agaciro ashobora kuba amahitamo meza. Ariko, menya neza ko udakemura gusa ibimenyetso by'ikibazo ahubwo ukemura impamvu nyamukuru muri sisitemu.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amavuta y'ubukorikori bufatika cyane mu gukoresha compressor? Ubusanzwe, polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalphaolefins (POAs), diesters zimwe na polyolesters zirakoreshwa. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'amavuta y'ubukorikori wahitamo buzaterwa n'amavuta y'ubukorikori urimo guhindura ndetse n'ayo ukoresha.
Kubera ko polyalphaolefins zirwanya ogisijeni kandi zimara igihe kirekire, muri rusange zigomba gusimbura amavuta y’ubutare. Polyalkylene glycols idashonga mu mazi itanga ubushobozi bwo gushonga neza kugira ngo ifashe compressors kugumana isuku. Hari esters zifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga kurusha PAGs ariko zishobora guhangana n’ubushuhe bwinshi mu mubiri.

Urugero rw'ibishushanyo mbonera by'isuzuma ry'amavuta n'imipaka y'itangazo ku byuma bipima amashanyarazi bikoresha centrifugal.

● Ibizamini byo gusesengura amavuta
Ibizamini byinshi bishobora gukorwa ku gipimo cy'amavuta, bityo ni ngombwa kuba ingenzi mu guhitamo ibi bizamini n'inshuro zo gupima. Ikizamini kigomba kuba gikubiyemo ibyiciro bitatu by'ingenzi byo gusesengura amavuta: imiterere y'amazi y'amavuta, kuba hari ibintu byanduye mu buryo bwo gusiga amavuta hamwe n'imyanda yose ishaje iva mu mashini.
Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa kompreseri, hashobora kubaho impinduka nto mu gice cy'igerageza, ariko muri rusange ni ibisanzwe kubona ubushyuhe, isesengura ry'ibintu, spectroscopy ya Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), umubare wa aside, ubushobozi bwa varnish, ikizamini cyo kuzunguruka cy'umuvuduko w'amaraso (RPVOT) hamwe n'ibizamini byo gusenya byasabwe mu gusuzuma imiterere y'amazi y'amavuta.
Ibizamini by’amazi ku byuma bipima imyanda bishobora kuba birimo isura, isesengura rya FTIR n’isesengura ry’ibice, mu gihe isuzuma risanzwe ryonyine rijyanye n’ibisigazwa by’imyanda ryaba isesengura ry’ibice. Urugero rw’isuzuma ry’amavuta n’imipaka y’ibizamini ku byuma bipima imyanda bipima imyanda bigaragazwa haruguru.
Kubera ko ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora gusuzuma ibibazo byinshi, bimwe bizagaragara mu byiciro bitandukanye. Urugero, isesengura ry’ibintu rishobora gufata igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw’inyongera mu buryo bw’imiterere y’amazi, mu gihe ibice by’ibice bivuye mu isesengura ry’imyanda yangiritse cyangwa FTIR bishobora kugaragaza ko okiside cyangwa ubushuhe ari ikintu gihumanya amazi.
Imipaka y'imbunda akenshi ishyirwaho nk'aho idakora neza na laboratwari, kandi inganda nyinshi ntizijya zishidikanya ku gaciro kazo. Ugomba gusuzuma no kugenzura ko izi mbibi zigenwa kugira ngo zihuze n'intego zawe z'ubwizerwe. Uko utegura gahunda yawe, ushobora no gutekereza guhindura imipaka. Akenshi, imipaka y'imbunda itangira hejuru gato kandi igahinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita bitewe n'intego zikomeye z'isuku, kuyungurura no kugenzura ubwandu.

● Gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta ya Compressor
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, compressors zishobora gusa n'izigoye. Uko wowe n'ikipe yawe murushaho gusobanukirwa imikorere ya compressor, ingaruka z'uburyo bwo gusiga amavuta, amavuta agomba gutoranywa n'ibizamini byo gusesengura amavuta bigomba gukorwa, niko amahirwe yawe yo kubungabunga no kunoza ubuzima bw'ibikoresho byawe aba menshi.